Interpersonal impartiality takes a more grounded, person-to-person approach, while impersonal impartiality adopts a more abstract, outcome-focused perspective.
Interpersonal impartiality is primarily concerned with evaluating actions as right or wrong.
Impersonal impartiality focuses more on evaluating overall states of affairs as better or worse.
Here are the interpersonal and impersonal conceptions of impartiality in practice:
Structure: Interpersonal impartiality has a fundamentally interpersonal structure, based on equal concern between persons. Impersonal impartiality adopts a more abstract, agent-neutral standpoint.
Scope: Interpersonal impartiality allows for agent-relative reasons and special obligations.
Impersonal impartiality tends to be more expansive, requiring equal consideration of all affected parties.
Cognitive requirements: Interpersonal impartiality allows for appreciation of particular concerns of contesting parties. Impersonal impartiality is criticized for potentially lacking the ability to make reliable judgments about substantive moral matters.
Moral constraints: Interpersonal impartiality provides a rationale for agent-centered restrictions and permissions central to ordinary morality. Impersonal impartiality tends to reject moral constraints that limit promoting the best overall outcomes.
Flexibility: Interpersonal impartiality is often more rigid, based on inviolable rules or duties. Impersonal impartiality tends to be more flexible, always aiming at the best outcomes.
Relation to common moral intuitions: Interpersonal impartiality is seen as better accommodating ordinary moral beliefs and practices. Impersonal impartiality is often viewed as more demanding and at odds with common moral intuitions.
Interpersonal impartiality takes a more grounded, person-to-person approach, while impersonal impartiality adopts a more abstract, outcome-focused perspective. This leads to differences in how they evaluate situations and what kinds of moral reasons and constraints they recognize in practice.
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