This perspective allows for the possibility of moral progress, rational discourse, and learning from experience, all of which contribute to the ongoing development of moral norms in society.
Moral Facts vs. Moral Beliefs
Objective Moral Facts: Moral realists argue that there are objective moral truths (principles against unjust harm) that exist regardless of whether individuals or societies recognize them.
Evolving Beliefs: While moral beliefs and practices can evolve, this does not negate the existence of underlying moral facts. Changes in societal norms may reflect a deeper understanding of these objective truths.
Moral Progress
-Concept of Moral Progress: Moral realists often argue that societies can make moral progress as they come to better understand and apply these moral truths. For example, movements for civil rights can be seen as societies aligning more closely with principles of justice and equality.
-Criteria for Progress: The idea of moral progress implies that there are standards against which societies can be measured. Realists maintain that some moral norms are better than others based on objective criteria.
Rational Discourse and Moral Reasoning
-Role of Reason: Moral realists believe that rational discourse and moral reasoning can lead to a clearer understanding of moral truths. As societies engage in dialogue about moral issues, they may refine their beliefs to align more closely with objective moral facts.
-Philosophical Reflection: Engaging with philosophical arguments about morality can prompt a reevaluation of existing norms, leading to changes that reflect a deeper comprehension of moral truths.
Empirical Evidence and Moral Understanding
-Influence of Experience: Moral norms can evolve in response to empirical evidence, such as understanding the consequences of certain actions. For example, societal attitudes toward issues like environmental protection may shift as people become more aware of the impacts of their actions.
-Learning from History: Societies learn from historical injustices and may revise their moral norms in light of past mistakes, suggesting a closer alignment with objective moral truths.
Cultural Variation and Common Morality
-Common Moral Ground: While moral norms can vary across cultures, moral realists often argue that many cultures share fundamental moral principles. This suggests that, despite differences, there is a common moral ground indicative of objective truths.
-Cultural Evolution: As cultures interact and influence one another, moral norms may evolve, leading to a synthesis of ideas that better reflect objective moral truths.
Moral realism can account for the evolution of moral norms by asserting that while beliefs and practices may change, they can do so in a way that reflects a deeper understanding of objective moral truths. This perspective allows for the possibility of moral progress, rational discourse, and learning from experience, all of which contribute to the ongoing development of moral norms in society.
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