In modern global society, virtues continue to play a significant role in shaping ethical behavior and personal development, although they may manifest differently across cultures and contexts.
Virtue ethics emphasizes the role of character and virtue in moral philosophy, rather than focusing solely on rules or consequences. Different approaches to virtue ethics highlight various virtues and their importance
Franklin's Thirteen Virtues: Benjamin Franklin's virtue theory is most notably detailed in his Autobiography, where he outlines a plan for achieving moral perfection through a system of thirteen virtues. Franklin believed that by consciously practicing these virtues, one could improve their character and lead a more fulfilling life. :
-Temperance: Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation.
-Silence: Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation.
-Order: Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time.
-Resolution: Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve.
-Frugality: Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; waste nothing.
-Industry: Lose no time; be always working on something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions.
-Sincerity: Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly.
-Justice: Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty.
-Moderation: Avoid extremes; forbear resenting behaviors so much as you think they deserve.
-Cleanliness: Tolerant of no uncleanness in body, clothes, or habitation.
-Tranquility: Be not disturbed at trifles, make things more transparent.
-Chastity: Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dullness, weakness, or the disturbance of your own or another's peace or reputation.
-Humility: Always be open to learn from others or new ideas.
Franklin approached his virtue theory with a practical mindset, much like his other endeavors. He believed that consistent effort and self-discipline were key to personal improvement. Franklin's systematic approach to self-improvement reflects his Enlightenment-era belief in reason, progress, and the perfectibility of human beings.
Key virtues of Guan Yin: As a bodhisattva, Guan Yin embodies compassion and assists ordinary beings with wisdom and miraculous powers:
Generosity: Selfless giving.
Morality: Ethical conduct.
Patience: Perseverance.
Vigor: Energy and effort in pursuing enlightenment.
Concentration: Meditation.
Wisdom: Insight into the nature of reality.
Aristotelian Virtue Ethics: Aristotle defined virtue as a character excellence that leads to actions representing a "golden mean" between deficiency and excess. Key aspects of Aristotelian virtue ethics:
-Virtues are acquired through practice and can be lost if neglected.
-Moral virtues guide actions and passions, with the virtue itself being a mean between two contrary vices (courage between foolhardiness and cowardice).
Wisdom, an intellectual virtue, is essential for determining the mean and making virtuous choices. In modern global society, virtues continue to play a significant role in shaping ethical behavior and personal development, although they may manifest differently across cultures and contexts.
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