The value-based management enhances guidance, improves business effectiveness and performance, achieves collective advantage, and multi-layer values.
Instrumental vs. Intrinsic Value: A fundamental distinction is made between instrumental and intrinsic value. Instrumental value refers to something that is good as a means to an end, while intrinsic value is something that is good as an end in itself. For example, health, knowledge, and virtue can be seen as good in both senses.
Subjectivism vs. Objectivism: The relationship between value and fact is central to theories of value. Subjectivists argue that something is valuable because it is desired, while objectivists claim that it is desired because it has value. Some deny the cognitive status of value judgments, suggesting their function is emotive or prescriptive.
Metaethics: Metaethics explores the nature of ethical judgments, questioning whether they are objective or subjective.
Naturalism: Thinkers argued that value arises when a being desires something, defining value in terms of being an "object of an interest." Because an object's value does not depend on the desires of a single individual.
Virtue Ethics: Virtue ethics, influenced by Aristotle, focuses on virtues rather than duties, emphasizing the importance of moral character.
Cultural Relativism: Cultural relativism suggests that elements of a culture should be understood in relation to the culture as a whole, leading to the conclusion that cultures cannot be graded as superior or inferior.
The value-based management enhances guidance, improves business effectiveness and performance, achieves collective advantage, and multi-layer values.
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