Universality

 Universality in philosophy refers to claims, principles, or entities that are thought to apply universally across all contexts, as opposed to being relative or particular. 

In philosophy, universality or absolutism refers to the idea that universal facts or truths exist and can be progressively discovered, as opposed to relativism which asserts all facts are relative to one's perspective. 

Ethics: In ethics, "universal" refers to that which is true for "all similarly situated individuals". Universal moralities contrast with moral relativism. 

Logic: In logic, a proposition has universality if it can be conceived as true in all possible contexts without contradiction. 

Metaphysics: In metaphysics, universals are proposed types, properties or relations that can be instantiated by many different particulars. 

Problem of Universals: A key philosophical debate concerns whether universals are needed to explain relations of qualitative identity and resemblance among individuals. Realists endorse universals, while nominalists and conceptualists reject them.  

Science: The concept of universality is used to describe laws of nature that are universally applicable, like laws of physics 

Epistemology: Some philosophers argue certain knowledge claims are universally applicable, not limited by individual perspectives or cultural backgrounds. 

Universality in philosophy refers to claims, principles, or entities that are thought to apply universally across all contexts, as opposed to being relative or particular. It's a concept that has been debated in various branches of philosophy including ethics, metaphysics, epistemology, and logic.

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