Zizhi Tongjian

 People learn from history, as history teaches us invaluable lessons.

The Zizhi Tongjian, literally meaning "Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government," is a monumental work of history. Compiled by Sima Guang, with both male and female associate teams, during the Northern Song Dynasty (1084 AD). By studying the successes and failures of past dynasties, leaders could learn to avoid repeating mistakes. It's considered a landmark achievement in historiography in Asia.

Scope and Content: The Zizhi Tongjian chronicles recorded the timeline of almost 1400 years of Chinese history, spanning from 403 BC to 959 AD. It covers 16 dynasties and numerous significant events, offering a comprehensive view of China's past.

Structure: The text is divided into more than three hundred sections, and presents history in an annalistic form, arranging events chronologically year by year.

Sources: The book meticulously drew from a vast array of historical records, including official histories, biographies, and even regional chronicles. Compilers compared and contrasted these sources, striving for accuracy and objectivity in his presentation.

Significance and Legacy: The Zizhi Tongjian's title reflects its purpose, and emphasis on Practicality. It aimed to be a mirror for rulers, offering historical examples and lessons to guide them in governing effectively.

People learn from history, as history teaches us invaluable lessons. The Zizhi Tongjian established a new standard for historical writing in Asia. Its critical approach to sources, emphasis on chronology, and focus on practical application set the stage for future generations of historians. Even today, the Zizhi Tongjian is considered a valuable resource for understanding the history with enduring influence. Complete English translations of the Zizhi Tongjian are rare due to its sheer volume. However, selections and summaries are available online and in libraries.

Posted in: Global Perspective