Decision power is a mind power; it guides through what to select from available choices, how to accommodate constraints, how to identify bias, how to avoid distractions, and where to show firmness and flexibility.
However, several factors can impede effective thinking, including mental habits, psychological phenomena, and logical errors.
Here are some common thinking barriers:
-Mental Set: Fixating on strategies that have worked in the past but are ineffective for the current problem.
-Functional Fixedness: The inability to recognize that an object can be used for purposes other than its original design.
-Stereotypes: Applying generalizations about a group to an individual, hindering the ability to see people and situations objectively.
-Negative Transfer: When previous problem-solving experiences hinder the ability to solve new problems.
Cognitive Biases: Systematic errors in thinking that affect how people perceive reality, leading to irrational decisions. Examples include:
-Confirmation Bias: The tendency to favor information that confirms existing beliefs.
-Anchoring: Over-relying on the first piece of information encountered.
-Halo Effect: Allowing one positive trait to influence the overall perception of a person.
Hindsight Bias: Believing events are more predictable after they occur.
-Overgeneralization: Drawing broad conclusions from limited evidence.
-Groupthink: Prioritizing group consensus over critical evaluation of ideas, which reduces the efficiency of problem-solving.
-Logical Fallacies: Errors in reasoning that invalidate an argument. These include:
-Fallacy of General-Specific Confusion: Applying a general rule to a specific case where it doesn't fit.
-Circular Argument: Using the conclusion as a premise to support itself.
-Irrelevant Conclusion: When the conclusion of an argument does not address the issue in the premises.
-False Cause: Incorrectly attributing a cause to a phenomenon.
-Fallacy of Many Questions: Combining multiple questions into one, requiring a single answer.
-Non Sequitur: Drawing a conclusion that does not follow from the premises.
The reason decision making is often a difficult task because it is contextual and situational. Decision power is a mind power; it guides through what to select from available choices, how to accommodate constraints, how to identify bias, how to avoid distractions, and where to show firmness and flexibility.
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