Realism has evolved over time and has various interpretations across different disciplines.
Ontological Realism concerns the nature of reality itself. There is a world external to our thoughts and beliefs that exists objectively. Here are some different aspects and principles of realism:
Scientific Realism: Within the philosophy of science, scientific realism asserts that scientific theories aim to provide accurate descriptions of reality. It holds that the entities postulated by scientific theories (such as electrons, genes, or black holes) exist objectively, independently of our observations or theories about them. This branch deals with the nature of knowledge and truth. Realists typically believe that truth and knowledge can be discovered through empirical observation and scientific inquiry. They reject extreme forms of skepticism that doubt the possibility of knowing objective truths about the world.
Moral Realism: In ethics, moral realism posits that there are objective moral facts and values that exist independently of human beliefs or opinions. Moral realists argue that certain actions are right or wrong regardless of cultural norms or personal preferences.
Literary Realism: In literature, realism refers to a movement that emerged in the 19th century, which aimed to depict everyday life and ordinary people accurately and truthfully, often focusing on the middle or working class. Writers sought to portray characters and events realistically, without romanticizing or idealizing them.
Political Realism: In political theory, realism emphasizes the role of power and self-interest in international relations. Realist thinkers argue that states are primarily motivated by the pursuit of power and security in a competitive international system.
Realism has evolved over time and has various interpretations across different disciplines. It generally stands in contrast to idealism, which emphasizes the importance of ideas, concepts, and consciousness in shaping reality.
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