Rumination is a persistent form of negative thinking that can contribute to and maintain psychological distress.
Rumination is repetitive thinking focused on the causes, consequences, and symptoms of one's negative affect or distress. It involves dwelling on negative thoughts and emotions rather than taking action to solve problems. Or it's about persistent negative thinking: Focused on past events, current symptoms, or potential future consequences. It often involves asking "why" questions and analyzing one's feelings. It can be difficult to control or stop once started.
Types of rumination: Reflective rumination: More analytical, problem-solving oriented. Brooding rumination: More negative, self-perpetuating, associated with depression
Content: It often centers on discrepancies between one's current state and desired state; themes of loss, failure, and negative self-evaluation are common. Less focus on concrete problem-solving compared to worry.
Treatment approaches:
Rumination-focused cognitive behavioral training
Strategies to promote more concrete, specific thinking
Developing awareness of rumination and learning to disengage from it
Addressing underlying beliefs about rumination's usefulness
Rumination is a persistent form of negative thinking that can contribute to and maintain psychological distress. Learning to recognize and disengage from ruminative thought patterns is an important skill for managing mood and anxiety.
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